We have observed that the countries subdued by a despotic monarch ought to be held by a vassal. Historians are very lavish of their praises of the generosity of those conquerors who restored the princes to the throne whom they had vanquished. Extremely generous then were the Romans, who made such a number of kings, in order to have instruments of slavery.[23] A proceeding of that kind is absolutely necessary. If the conqueror intends to preserve the country which he has subdued, neither the governors he sends will be able to contain the subjects within duty, nor he himself the governors. He will be obliged to strip his ancient patrimony of troops, in order to secure his new dominions. The miseries of each nation will be common to both; civil broils will spread themselves from one to the other. On the contrary, if the conqueror restores the legitimate prince to the throne, he will of course have an ally; by the junction of whose forces his own power will be augmented. We have a recent instance of this in Shah Nadir, who conquered the Mogul, seized his treasures, and left him in possession of Hindostan.
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1. See the Code of Barbarian Laws, and xxviii below.
2. See the anonymous author of the Life of Louis le Debonnaire, in Duchesne's collection, ii, p. 296.
3. See M. Barbeyrac's collection, art. 112.
4. With regard to Tockenburg.
5. He was at the head of a faction.
6. Hanno wanted to deliver Hannibal up to the Romans, as Cato would fain have delivered up C?sar to the Gauls.
7. Of the 18th of October, 1738, printed at Genoa by Franchelli. See also the Amsterdam Gazette, Dec. 23, 1738.
8. See Pufendorff's Universal History.
9. Dionysius Halicarnassus, vii.
10. See Arrian, De Expedit. Alex., i.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., iii.
14. This was Aristotle's advice. Plutarch, Of the Fortune and Virtue of Alexander.
15. Arrian, De Expedit. Alex., vii.
16. See the Law of the Burgundians, tit. 12, art. 5.
17. See the Law of the Visigoths, iii, tit. 1, § 1, which abrogates the ancient law that had more regard, it says, to the difference of nations than to that of people's conditions.
18. See the Law of the Lombards, ii, tit. 7, §§ 1, 2.
19. The kings of Syria, abandoning the plan laid down by the founder of the empire, resolved to oblige the Jews to conform to the manners of the Greeks -- a resolution that gave the most terrible shock to their government.
20. See Arrian, De Expedit. Alex., iii, and others.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., vii.
23. Tacitus, Life of Agricola, 14.
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